Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized as a T cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) accompanied by axonal damage. MS launches an attack against elements of the myelin sheath. Findings discuss disease epidemiology; how prevalent the disease is and the etiology, cells and molecules of the immune system involved in MS. The signs and symptoms of MS are described, as well as characteristics of the progression of the disease. The complicated process of diagnosis and the options for treatment is explained along with research efforts currently being conducted. There is compelling evidence that a a dietary regime rich in antioxidants and myelin building components combined with stress-reduction techniques can reduce the severity of symptoms.