Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized as a T cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) accompanied by axonal damage. MS launches an attack against elements of the myelin sheath. The majority of MS patients experience relapsing-remitting phases during early stages of the disease, during which people experience symptoms followed by periods of remission where symptoms may decease or go away all together. Relapses can last days, weeks, or months. Findings discuss disease epidemiology; how prevalent the disease is and the etiology, cells and molecules of the immune system involved in MS. The signs and symptoms of MS are described, as well as characteristics of the progression of the disease. The complicated process of diagnosis and the options for treatment is explained along with research efforts currently being conducted.