Biology
Sciences 374
541-552-6797
Stewart W. Janes, Chair
Biologists work on a broad spectrum of questions related to
living organisms and life processes. They investigate the physical and
chemical bases of life, the structure and function of organisms and their
parts, the interaction between organisms and their environments, and the
evolution of organisms. The biology major not only offers a thorough
introduction to the principal areas of biology, but it also gives students
the freedom to specialize.
The bachelor’s degree in biology prepares students for
employment in diverse fields related to the life sciences. It is also
excellent training for graduate and professional programs leading to
degrees in such areas as agriculture, dentistry, environmental science,
forestry, medical technology, medicine, optometry, veterinary medicine,
and wildlife biology.
Because upper division courses in biology build on
prerequisites, students should seek advising as soon as they consider
majoring in biology. Early advising is especially important for those
planning to go on to graduate or professional schools. Contact the
department secretary for an advisor assignment.
Degrees
BA or BS in Biology
BA or BS in Biology—Cell/Molecular Option
BA or BS in Biology—Ecology and Environmental Biology Option
BA or BS in Biology—Botany Option
BA or BS in Biology—Zoology Option
BA or BS in Biology—Biomedical Science Option
BS in Environmental Studies—Biology Option
MA or MS in Science with an emphasis in Biology
MS in Environmental Education
Minor
Biology
Requirements for Major
- Fulfill baccalaureate degree requirements as stated
beginning on page 21.
- Maintain a minimum 2.0 GPA for all work taken in
biology.
- Complete the biology core (40–42 credits):
| Principles of Biology (Bi 211, 212,
213) | 12 |
| Plant Physiology (Bi 331) (required for the Botany
option) or Comparative Animal Physiology (Bi 314) (required for
the Zoology option) | 4 |
| Introductory Ecology (Bi 340) | 4 |
| Genetics (Bi 341) | 4 |
| Cell Biology (Bi 342) | 4 |
| Developmental Biology (Bi 343) | 4 |
| Evolution (Bi 446) | 4 |
| Capstone | 4–6 |
- Those seeking a biology degree without an option must
complete 20 credits of upper division biology electives. Those
seeking an option with their degree should consult the section
below, Options for the Major, to see how these 20 credits must be
distributed. Note that the Biomedical Science option requires 24
credits of upper division biology electives. The following courses
may not be used: Bi 330, 380 through 389, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405,
409, 490, 491, or 492. A maximum of 3 credits from the following
courses may be applied to this requirement: 1 credit of Bi 407 and
up to 3 credits of Bi 408. In addition, 4 credits of Biochemistry
may be applied to this requirement.
- Complete the General Chemistry sequence with
labs:
| Ch 201, 204; Ch 202, 205; Ch 203, 206 | 15 |
- Complete the Principles of Organic Chemistry sequence or
the Organic Chemistry sequence with labs:
| Ch 331, 337; Ch 332, 338 | 11 |
or
| Ch 334, 337; Ch 335, 340; Ch 336, 341 | 16 |
- Complete 12–15 credits of physical science from:
| General Physics with lab (Ph 201, 224; Ph 202, 225;
Ph 203, 226) | 12 |
or
| Ph 221, 224; Ph 222, 225; Ph 223, 226 | 15 |
or
| Geology (G 101, 102, 103) | 12 |
- Complete the following mathematics courses:
| Calculus I (Mth 251) | 4 |
| Calculus II (Mth 252) | 4 |
| Elementary Statistics (Mth 243) | 4 |
or
| Calculus I (Mth 251) | 4 |
| Elementary Statistics (Mth 243) | 4 |
| Applied Inferential Statistics (Mth
244) | 4 |
Suggested First Year Program
| Core 101, 102, 103 | 12 |
| Biology 211, 212, 213 | 12 |
| Chemistry 201, 204; 202, 205; 203, 206 | 15 |
| Other approved courses | 6 |
Capstone
The capstone is a research project in which students
integrate skills and information learned in the major. Students plan a
research project, write a project proposal, conduct research, write a
final report, and make an oral presentation to faculty and peers.
Options for meeting the capstone requirement include:
- Complete Bi 490, 491, or 492 (4 credits).
- With approval, work individually with a faculty mentor
and complete 3 credits of Bi 402 and 1 credit of Bi
404.
- If admitted to the department honors program, work
individually with a faculty mentor and complete 4 credits of Bi
402 and 2 credit of Bi 404.
Options for the Major
Biology majors wishing to tailor their undergraduate biology
degree to meet their future interests or employment may pursue one of
the following option areas as part of their degree program. Option areas
have the same core requirements as the biology degree and primarily
specialize within the 20 credits of upper division biology electives
required for the degree (see #4 under “Requirements for Major”). The
exception is the Biomedical Science option, which has modified core,
upper division elective, mathematics, and physical science requirements
designed to better prepare these students for their future courses of
study.
Cell/Molecular Option
- Complete 16 credits from:
| Biochemistry (Ch 351) | 4 |
| Algae, Fungi and Lichens (Bi 436) | 4 |
| Microbiology (Bi 351) | 4 |
| Molecular Biology (Bi 425) | 4 |
| Plant Anatomy (Bi 434) | 4 |
| Immunology (Bi 456) | 4 |
| Scanning Electron Microscopy (Bi 485)
| 4 |
- Complete an additional 4 credits from all approved
upper division biology electives.
Ecology/Environmental Biology Option
- Complete 16 credits from:
| Physiological Ecology of Animals (Bi
413) | 4 |
| Physiological Plant Ecology (Bi 431) | 4 |
| Conservation Biology (Bi 438) | 4 |
| Conservation of Natural Resources (Bi 445)
| 4 |
| Community and Population Ecology (Bi 453)
| 4 |
| Plant Ecology (Bi 454) | 4 |
| Aquatic Ecology (Bi 475) | 4 |
| Animal Behavior (Bi 480) | 4 |
- Complete an additional 4 credits from all approved
upper division biology electives.
Botany Option
- Complete Plant Physiology (Bi 331) 4
credits
- Complete 16 credits from:
| Plant Evolution and Systematics (Bi
336) | 4 |
| Algae, Fungi and Lichens (Bi 436) | 4 |
| Physiological Plant Ecology (Bi 431) | 4 |
| Origins and Diversity of Land Plants (Bi
432) | 4 |
| Plant Anatomy (Bi 434) | 4 |
| Bryophytes (Bi 442) | 4 |
| Plant Identification and Field Botany (Bi 444)
| 3 |
| Plant Ecology (Bi 454) | 4 |
- Complete an additional 4 credits from all approved
upper division biology electives
Zoology Option
- Complete Comparative Animal Physiology (Bi 314) 4
credits
- Complete 16 credits (must include at least one each
invertebrate and vertebrate course) from:
| Vertebrate Natural History (Bi 317) | 4 |
| Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (Bi 327)
| 4 |
| Physiological Ecology of Animals (Bi
413) | 4 |
| Advanced Animal Physiology (Bi 414) | 4 |
| Mammalogy (Bi 415) | 4 |
| Fish and Fisheries (Bi 450) | 4 |
| Lower Invertebrates (Bi 461) | 4 |
| Higher Invertebrates (Bi 462) | 4 |
| Entomology (Bi 466) | 4 |
| Herpetology (Bi 470) | 4 |
| Ornithology (Bi 471) | 4 |
| Animal Behavior (Bi 480) | 4 |
- Complete an additional 4 credits from all approved
upper division biology electives
Biomedical Science Option
Biology:
- Complete the Biology core requirements with the
following modifications:
- Ecology (Bi 340) is not required; however, it may
be taken for elective credit (see below).
- In addition to the existing capstone option a
student in this track may satisfy the capstone requirement by
completing a minimum of 3 credits of Practicum: Capstone (Bi
409) and 1 credit of Capstone Thesis (Bi 404).
- Complete 12 credits from
| Microbiology (Bi 351) | 4 |
| Advanced Animal Physiology (Bi 414) | 4 |
| Molecular Biology (Bi 425) | |
| Immunology (Bi 456) | 4 |
| Biochemistry (Ch 350 | 4 |
| -or- Biochemistry (Ch 451, 452, 453) | 12 |
- Complete 12 credits from
| Human Anatomy and Physiology I, II, III (Bi
330) | 12 |
| Any upper division courses that count as electives
toward the Biology degree, including Ecology (Bi
340) | |
Chemistry:
- Same for all Biology options.
Mathematics:
Complete:
| Elementary Statistics (Mth 243) | 4 |
| Calculus I (Mth 251) | 4 |
Physical science:
Complete:
| General Physics (Ph 201, 224; 202, 225; 203,
226) | 12 |
| (Ph 221 - 223 may be substituted for Ph 201 -
203) | |
Biology Honors Program
Juniors and seniors who wish to graduate with honors in
biology must petition the Biology Honors Committee for admission to the
honors program. Honors students conduct independent research with a
biology faculty mentor, prepare a written report in the accepted
editorial style, and make an oral presentation of the project. Honors
graduates must have a minimum 3.25 GPA in all biology courses taken for
the major and a minimum overall 3.0 GPA. Completion of the honors
program satisfies the Senior Capstone requirement. The transcripts and
diplomas of students completing the honors program indicate that their
degrees were awarded with departmental honors.
- Successfully petition the Biology Honors Committee for
admission to the program. Forms are available in the Biology
Office.
- Complete an honors research project (minimum 4 credits of
Bi 402) with a minimum grade of B.
- Complete a written report and make an oral presentation
of the research project (2 credits of Bi 404) with a minimum grade
of B.
- Complete the bachelor’s degree in biology with a minimum
GPA of 3.25 in all biology courses taken for the major and 3.0
overall.
Minor
The minor is designed for non-biology majors who wish to
emphasize biology by completing at least 27 credits from the
following:
Principles of Biology:
| Molecules, Cells, and Genes (Bi 211) | 4 |
| Evolution and Diversity (Bi 212) | 4 |
| Function and Ecology of Organisms (Bi 213) | 4 |
| Select 15 or more credits from any regularly scheduled
300- or 400-level biology course that counts toward the biology
major | 15 |
Students must have a minimum 2.0 GPA in biology courses
for the minor.
Certificate in Botany
The Certificate in Botany serves undergraduate, graduate, and
postbaccalaureate students wishing to work in the plant sciences. The
program prepares students for careers as botanists at state and federal
agencies, environmental consulting firms, and nongovernmental
conservation organizations. It also offers a solid foundation for
students planning graduate work in botany. Students wishing to pursue
the Certificate in Botany should meet with a certificate advisor early
in their program. See the Certificates section on page 151.
Graduate Programs
The department offers a master of science degree in
environmental education, a one and a half to two-year field-oriented
program in which students gain an understanding of biological
principles, themes, and ideas and become proficient at interpreting
natural phenomena for diverse audiences. Students help staff the
Siskiyou Environmental Education Center, which delivers environmental
education programs throughout the region and gives students an
opportunity to develop the curriculum and educational resources. See
page 85 for application deadlines and program information.
The department has a limited ability to offer a master of
arts or master of science degree in science. See page 164 for
information on these programs.
Preprofessional Programs
Students planning a career in a medical field such as
dentistry, medicine, optometry, pharmacy, or any other professional
area, should consult the appropriate advisor as soon as possible after
deciding on one of these careers. The departmental secretary maintains a
current advisor list. Students in pre-medical technology and
pre-veterinary medicine can plan their work to satisfy general degree
requirements at SOU either in a four-year program or in cooperation with
a professional school. See page 153 for more information on these
programs.
Teacher Licensing
Students who would like to teach biology at the middle school
or high school level in Oregon public schools must complete the
prerequisite courses to qualify for the Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)
Program at SOU. It is not necessary to complete all prerequisites before
applying to the program, but the prerequisites must be completed before
a student begins the program. Interested students should consult the
department chair for an advisor and the Education Department regarding
admission requirements for the MAT program.
Students must prepare in advance to increase their chances of
acceptance into this competitive program. Applicants are required to
gain experience working with children in public schools through
practica, internships, and volunteer service before applying to the
program.
Biology Courses
See Course Prerequisites PolicyLower Division Courses
| Bi 101 General Biology: Cells |
| 4 credits |
| Intended for non-biology majors. Examines the organization of cells, including their composition and structure, energy-trapping and use, information storage, and cell division. Three lectures and one 2-hour laboratory. Corequisite: Bi 101L. Approved for General Education (Explorations). |
| Bi 102 General Biology: Organisms |
| 4 credits |
| Intended for non-biology majors. Addresses the organization and function of multicellular organisms, with an emphasis on humans. Three lectures and one 2-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Bi 101. Corequisite: Bi 102L. Approved for General Education (Explorations). |
| Bi 103 General Biology: Populations |
| 4 credits |
| Intended for non-biology majors. Covers the organization of populations, including Mendelian inheritance, adaptation to the environment, evolution, population growth, communities, ecosystems, and pollution. Three lectures and one 2-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Bi 101. Corequisite: Bi 103L. Approved for General Education (Explorations). |
| Bi 199 Special Studies |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 209 Practicum |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 210 Topics in Biology |
| 1 to 2 credits |
| Intended for non-biology majors. Topics on contemporary society and current biology issues are chosen on the basis of their relevance to other disciplines. Lecture, discussion, and/or laboratory as deemed suitable for the topic. May not be used to meet biology major requirements. Credit determined by topic. |
| Bi 211 Principles of Biology: Molecules, Cells, and Genes |
| 4 credits |
| Introductory course intended for biology and other science majors. Covers biological molecules, cell structure and function, and genetics. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Corequisite: Bi 211L. Approved for General Education (Explorations). |
| Bi 212 Principles of Biology: Evolution and Diversity |
| 4 credits |
| Introductory course intended for biology and other science majors. Explores the mechanisms and results of evolution, including a survey of organism diversity. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Bi 211. Corequisite: Bi 212L. Approved for General Education (Explorations). |
| Bi 213 Principles of Biology: Function and Ecology of Organisms |
| 4 credits |
| Introductory course intended for biology and other science majors. Covers organismal function and interactions among organisms, as well as interactions between organisms and their environments. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211 and Bi 212. Corequisite: Bi 213L. |
| Bi 214 Elementary Microbiology |
| 4 credits |
| Intended for students interested in careers in chiropractic medicine, dental hygiene, medical technology, nursing, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. Studies the general characteristics of microorganisms that cause disease and the factors involved in host resistance to disease. Includes principles of disease causation and diagnosis, epidemiology, and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Three lectures and two 90-minute laboratories. Corequisite: Bi 214L. |
| Bi 231 Human Anatomy and Physiology I |
| 4 credits |
| Introduces human structure and function, with a study of skeletal and muscular systems. Two 90-minute lectures and two 90-minute laboratories. Prerequisite: One year of a biological science. Corequisite: Bi 231L. |
| Bi 232 Human Anatomy and Physiology II |
| 4 credits |
| Continues study of the systems of the human body and their structure and function, including nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems. Two 90-minute lectures and two 90-minute laboratories. Prerequisite: Bi 231. Corequisite: Bi 232L. |
| Bi 233 Human Anatomy and Physiology III |
| 4 credits |
| Continues study of the systems of the human body and their structure and function, including digestive, urogenital, and endocrine systems. Two 90-minute lectures and two 90-minute laboratories. Prerequisite: Bi 232. Corequisite: Bi 233L. |
Upper Division Courses
| Bi 314 Comparative Animal Physiology |
| 4 credits |
| Explores the functional aspects of vertebrate anatomy, with an emphasis on the development and evolution of major organ systems. Laboratory includes the dissection of major vertebrate classes and the study of gross and microscopic structures. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; Ch 201; Ch 202; and Ch 203. Corequisite: Bi 314L. |
| Bi 317 Vertebrate Natural History |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the systematics, distribution, behavior, dormancy, population movements, population dynamics, and ecology of vertebrates. Laboratory emphasizes field studies and identification. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 317L. |
| Bi 327 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy |
| 4 credits |
| Explores the functional aspects of vertebrate anatomy, with an emphasis on the development and evolution of major organ systems. Laboratory includes the dissection of major vertebrate classes and the study of gross and microscopic structures. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 327L. |
| Bi 330 Topics in Biology |
| 1 to 2 credits |
| Intended for non-biology majors. Topics on contemporary society and current biology issues are chosen on the basis of their relevance to other disciplines. Lecture, discussion, and/or laboratory as deemed suitable for the topic. May not be used to meet biology major requirements. Credit determined by topic. Prerequisite: Upper division standing. Additional prerequisites determined by topic. Corequisite: Bi 233L. |
| Bi 331 Plant Physiology |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the metabolic activities of plants. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; Ch 201; Ch 202; and Ch 203. Corequisite: Bi 331L. |
| Bi 336 Plant Evolution and Systematics |
| 4 credits |
| Introduces the science of plant systematics through integrated coverage of macroevolution, theory of phylogenetic inference, and principles of classification, taxonomy and identification. Comparative analysis of reproductive morphology and life cycles provides a comprehensive overview of Green Plants that begins with the simplest protist lineages and culminates with a survey of vascular plant diversity. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 336L. |
| Bi 340 Introductory Ecology |
| 4 credits |
| Covers the interactions of organisms with their environments and each other, as well as population dynamics, biological communities, and ecosystem functions. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 340L. |
| Bi 341 Genetics |
| 4 credits |
| Includes classical and modern molecular analysis of the structure and behavior of genes at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; Ch 201; Ch 202; and Ch 203. Corequisite: Bi 341L. |
| Bi 342 Cell Biology |
| 4 credits |
| Examines cell and molecular biology with an emphasis on experimental cell biology. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; Ch 201; Ch 202; and Ch 203. Corequisite: Bi 342L. |
| Bi 343 Developmental Biology |
| 4 credits |
| Covers descriptions and mechanisms of development in animal, plant, and microbial systems. Includes differentiation, intercellular relations, regulatory substances, morphogenetic movements, and selected topics in organogenesis. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 341 and Bi 342. Corequisite: Bi 343L. |
| Bi 351 Microbiology |
| 4 credits |
| Surveys microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Laboratory focuses on methods used to study microorganisms and the fundamentals of experimental design. Emphasizes organisms that significantly influence human health and economics. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; Ch 201; Ch 202; and Ch 203. Corequisite: Bi 351L. |
| Bi 381 Introduction to Complex Systems |
| 4 credits |
| Introduces an array of topics currently becoming unified in the new interdisciplinary field of complex systems. Explores how a holistic systems approach and common analytical tools may be applied to such diverse areas as ecology, economics, genetics, physics, and social science to yield insights not obtained through a reductionist scientific approach. Topics include chaos, emergent properties, fractals, self-organization, feedback, networks, and cellular automata. The three-hour computer laboratory consists of simulation-based experiments and independent agent-modeling projects. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Does not fulfill biology major or minor requirements. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division General Education requirements. Corequisite: Bi 381L. Approved for General Education (Synthesis). |
| Bi 382 Biology and Society |
| 3 credits |
| Examines timely biological issues and their implications for human society. Students participate in and lead discussions on controversial topics such as genetic engineering, the biological basis of sexual orientation and race, biodiversity and threatened habitats, and biological warfare. Three lectures. Does not fulfill biology major or minor requirements. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division General Education requirements. Approved for General Education (Explorations). |
| Bi 383 Science and Advocacy in Environmental Policy Debates |
| 3 credits |
| Explores the interactions of science and advocacy in the development of environmental policy. Investigates controversial environmental problems where science and advocacy are confounded, and where the common good and special interests are difficult to discern. Students engage in dialogue based on analysis of case studies, including issues related to forest health, use of pesticides, resource development, global warming, and loss of biodiversity. Two seventy-five-minute meetings. Does not fulfill biology major or minor requirements. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division General Education requirements. Approved for General Education (Synthesis). |
| Bi 384 Ethnobotany and Cross-Cultural Communication |
| 3 credits |
| Explores cultural diversity in the human relationship with plants and the role of plants in diverse world views. Applications of medicinal and ceremonial plants in Native American, Ayurvedic, traditional Chinese, and other practices serve as a vehicle for interpreting how different cultures understand human place in the cosmos. Examines the interaction of divergent world views through experiential cross-cultural communication against the backdrop of a pluralist philosophical framework and modern sciences. Two seventy-five-minute meetings. Does not fulfill biology major or minor requirements. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division General Education requirements. Approved for General Education (Synthesis). |
| Bi 385 Women in Science |
| 3 credits |
| Explores the past and current factors influencing womens scientific career choices and the success of women in various scientific disciplines. Examines the lives and contributions of notable and contemporary women in science from a diversity of backgrounds and disciplines. Addresses the culture of science and the role of gender in scientific inquiry. Includes small group discussions focused on assigned readings and guest-speaker presentations from women scientists in academia, government, and industry. Two seventy-five-minute meetings. Does not fullfill biology major or minor requirements. Prerequisite: Completion of all lower division General Education requirements. Approved for General Education (Synthesis). |
| Bi 399 Special Studies |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 401/501 Research |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 402 Capstone Research |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 403/503 Thesis |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 404 Capstone Thesis |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 405/505 Reading and Conference |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 407/507 Seminar |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 408/508 Workshop |
| Credits to be arranged |
| (maximum 6 undergraduate credits and 9 graduate credits) |
| Bi 409/509 Practicum |
|
| Credits to be arranged (1 to 9 credits) |
| Bi 410/510 Environmental Ethics |
| 3 credits |
| Examines philosophical, religious, sociopolitical, and scientific traditions influencing human conduct toward nature. Courses in ecology, evolution, and philosophy are recommended. Prerequisite: Upper division or graduate standing. |
| Bi 411/511 Special Topics |
| Credits to be arranged |
| Bi 413/513 Physiological Ecology of Animals |
| 4 credits |
| Studies physiological adaptations from an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Covers patterns of resource allocation, optimality theory, and functional responses to environmental variation. Three lectures, one 3-hour laboratory, and one Saturday field trip. Prerequisite: Bi 314 or Bi 340. Corequisite: Bi 413L. |
| Bi 414/514 Advanced Animal Physiology |
| 4 credits |
| Continues Comparative Animal Physiology (Bi 314). Topics include water balance and nerve, muscle, and endocrine functions. Emphasizes a comparative approach. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Bi 314. Corequisite: Bi 414L. |
| Bi 415/515 Mammalogy |
| 4 credits |
| Covers the ecology, behavior, adaptations, and identification of mammals. Two lectures, one 5-hour laboratory, and weekend field trips. Prerequisite: Bi 317. Corequisite: Bi 415L. |
| Bi 425/525 Molecular Biology |
| 4 credits |
| Surveys modern techniques used in biotechnology and analysis of genetic structure, function, and expression. Includes advanced cloning and gene detection methods, gene transfer, sequencing, directed mutagenesis, and PCR-based technologies. Emphasizes laboratory experience and the application of techniques to selected experimental problems. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisites: Bi 341; Ch 332 or Ch 335. Corequisite: Bi 425L. |
| Bi 430/530 Biological Illustration |
| 3 credits |
| Provides all-level sketching instruction and develops observational skills needed to produce accurate pencil and pen/ink drawings. Includes hands-on training in museum and field sketching procedures, as well as the use of hand lenses and microscopes. Provides an introduction to computer graphics. Explores and expands career capabilities and options in biology and environmental education. Includes preparation of artwork for publication in an actual journal. Two lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: One year of biological science and upper division standing. |
| Bi 431/531 Physiological Plant Ecology |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the interactions between plants and their environments. Studies the physiological mechanisms that impact plant functioning and survival, as well as adaptations to resource and climatic variation. Introduces the scientific literature in ecophysiology, as well as the technology and methodology used in this field. Three lectures and one 3-hour lab. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 431L. |
| Bi 432/532 Origins and Diversity of Land Plants |
| 4 credits |
| Studies the origins of terrestrial flora and the major adaptive radiations of both living and extinct embryophytes, ferns, seed plants, and flowering plants. Emphasizes observing and interpreting plant structure and life histories in the field. Includes advanced treatment of modern plant classifications as influenced by phylogenetic analysis of paleontological and molecular evidence. Students read scientific literature addressing current problems in plant phylogenetic systematics. Two 4-hour lecture-laboratory-field sessions and weekend field trips. Prerequisite: Bi 336. Corequisite: Bi 432L. |
| Bi 434/534 Plant Anatomy |
| 4 credits |
| Addresses the development of cells, tissues, tissue systems, and the organs of vascular plants. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 434L. |
| Bi 435/535 Methods in Plant Systematics |
| 4 credits |
| Explores the principles and methods of studying genetic variation within and among species of vascular and nonvascular plants, including morphometrics, plant microtechnique and microscopy, basic molecular technique, methods in floristics and biogeography, herbarium practice, and phylogenetic analysis. Emphasizes reading and interpreting research methods reported in primary scientific literature. Two 3-hour laboratories and two 1-hour seminar sessions. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; and instructor consent. Corequisite: Bi 435L. |
| Bi 436/536 Algae, Fungi, and Lichens |
| 4 credits |
| Surveys morphology, life cycles, microbial ecology, and evolutionary history in the diverse assemblage of organisms classified as algae and fungi. Focuses on symbiotic associations involving cyanobacteria, protists, and fungi, with an emphasis on lichens. Uses current scientific literature to explore both theoretical questions and practical applications of knowledge about these organisms as it pertains to environmental problems, pathogens, and management of natural resources. Three lectures, one 3-hour laboratory, and weekend field trips. Prerequisite: Bi 336. Corequisite: Bi 436L. |
| Bi 438/538 Conservation Biology |
| 3 credits |
| Covers ecological, evolutionary, and genetic principles relevant to the conservation of biological diversity. Includes habitat fragmentation, preserve design, the effects of disturbance on communities, introduced species, ecological restoration, and policymaking in conservation. Three lectures. Prerequisite: Bi 340. |
| Bi 442/542 Bryophytes |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the morphology, life histories, systematics, ecology, floristics, and biogeography of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Emphasizes methods of field study, survey and collection protocols, training in microtechnique and microscopy needed for laboratory procedures, and use of technical literature for identification. Two 4-hour lecture/laboratory sessions and weekend field trips. Prerequisite: Bi 336. Corequisite: Bi 442L. |
| Bi 444/544 Plant Identification and Field Botany |
| 3 credits |
| Intensive four-week summer field course. Covers identification of local flora using technical keys and descriptions. Emphasizes the recognition of common families, genera, and species of flowering plants, ferns, and conifers. Two lectures, two 90-minute laboratory sessions and four Saturday field trips. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. |
| Bi 445/545 Conservation of Natural Resources |
| 4 credits |
| Explores the history, principles, and practices of natural resource use and abuse, particularly by the U.S. Emphasizes understanding of scientific and ecological principles and economics as the basis of sustainable human development. Two 2-hour lectures and one required field trip. Non-science majors encouraged. ES 111 and 112 recommended. Prerequisites: Explorations sequence in science and upper division standing. |
| Bi 446/546 Evolution |
| 4 credits |
| Uses patterns and processes of evolutionary change as determined by mutation, selection, drift, and other mechanisms to explore the unifying principles of the biological sciences. Basic models of population genetics, phylogenetics, and systematics are used to build a conceptual framework for the study of living systems. Three lectures and one 1-hour recitation. Prerequisites: Bi 340 and Bi 341. Corequisite: Bi 446R. |
| Bi 450/550 Fish and Fisheries |
| 4 credits |
| Analyzes the distribution, life histories, and ecology of freshwater fishes, as well as the methods used in the study and management of fish populations. Covers current issues in fisheries management. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Weekend field trips required. Prerequisite: Bi 340. Corequisite: Bi 450L. |
| Bi 453/553 Community and Population Ecology |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the structure, function, and analysis of natural communities and populations as revealed by theoretical and empirical methods. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisites: Bi 340 and Mth 112. Corequisite: Bi 453L. |
| Bi 454/554 Plant Ecology |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the structure, methods of analysis, environmental relations, and dynamics of vegetation. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisite: Bi 340. |
| Bi 456/556 Immunology |
| 4 credits |
| Studies the cellular and humoral mechanisms vertebrates use to defend themselves against infection. Emphasizes human immunology. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Prerequisite: Bi 342. Corequisite: Bi 456L. |
| Bi 461/561 Biology of the Lower Invertebrates |
| 4 credits |
| Introduces invertebrates, with an emphasis on marine phyla. Covers the classification, structure, natural history, and ecology of lower invertebrates (sponges to starfish) and protozoans. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Overnight field trip to the coast required. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 461L. |
| Bi 462/562 Biology of the Higher Invertebrates |
| 4 credits |
| Introduces invertebrates, with emphasis on marine phyla. Includes the classification, structure, natural history, and ecology of higher invertebrates (marine worms to octopi). Two lectures and two 3-hour labs. Overnight field trip to the coast required. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 462L. |
| Bi 466/566 Entomology |
| 4 credits |
| Addresses the morphology, physiology, behavior, ecology, and classification of insects. Covers current trends in pest management strategies. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 466L. |
| Bi 470/570 Herpetology |
| 4 credits |
| Explores the ecology, behavior, adaptations, and identification of reptiles and amphibians. Two lectures and one 5-hour laboratory. Weekend field trips required. Prerequisite: Bi 317. Corequisite: Bi 470L. |
| Bi 471/571 Ornithology |
| 4 credits |
| Examines the diversity, origins of birds and bird flight, structural and physiological adaptations, reproduction, migration, and other aspects of avian behavior and ecology. Includes fieldwork in visual and auditory recognition of birds and the study of their habits. Two lectures, one 4-hour laboratory, and field trips (including some on weekends). Prerequisite: Bi 317. Corequisite: Bi 471L. |
| Bi 474/574 Topics in Entomology |
| 3 credits |
| Covers selected topics in insect taxonomy, biology, and applied entomology. May be repeated under different topics for up to 9 credits. Prerequisite: Bi 466. |
| Bi 475/575 Aquatic Ecology |
| 4 credits |
| Explores physical, chemical, and biological properties of freshwater environments. Emphasizes field sampling, laboratory analyses, and identification of major taxonomic and functional groups of aquatic organisms. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Weekend field trips required. Prerequisite: Bi 340. Corequisite: Bi 475L. |
| Bi 480/580 Animal Behavior |
| 4 credits |
| Covers classical and current concepts and controversies regarding animal behavior, including individual and social behavioral patterns of vertebrates and invertebrates. Three lectures and one 3-hour laboratory. Bi 317 recommended. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; and Bi 213. Corequisite: Bi 480L. |
| Bi 485/585 Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| 4 credits |
| Explores the theory and practice of scanning electron microscopy, with emphasis on the preparation of biological materials. Two lectures and two 3-hour laboratories. Prerequisites: Bi 211; Bi 212; Bi 213; and an additional year of upper division biological science. Corequisite: Bi 485L. |
| Bi 490 Senior Research in Organismal Biology |
| 4 credits |
| Topics may vary with instructor. Focuses on scientific inquiry related to organismal biology. Students conduct an independent literature review and an experimental or observational investigation; write a scientific report; and deliver an oral presentation to faculty and peers. This course satisfies the biology capstone requirement. Prerequisites: Senior standing; Mth 243; and Bi 314 or Bi 331. |
| Bi 491 Senior Research in Cell and Molecular Biology |
| 4 credits |
| Topics may vary with instructor. Focuses on scientific inquiry related to cell or molecular biology. Students conduct an independent literature review and an experimental or observational investigation; write a scientific report; and deliver an oral presentation to faculty and peers. This course satisfies the biology capstone requirement. Prerequisites: Senior standing; Mth 243; and Bi 341. |
| Bi 492 Senior Research in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology |
| 4 credits |
| Topics may vary with instructor. Focuses on scientific inquiry related to ecology or evolution. Students conduct an independent literature review and an experimental or observational investigation, write a scientific report, and deliver an oral presentation to faculty and peers. This course satisfies the biology capstone requirement. Prerequisites: Senior standing; Mth 243; and Bi 340. |
Graduate Courses
| Bi 522 Techniques of Field Interpretation |
| 3 credits |
| Introduces elements of lesson design and field techniques useful for gathering information relevant to ecosystems and human impact. In addition to designing and teaching lessons, students develop activities in which others engage in learning about natural resources and resource use. Summers only. |
| Bi 523 Natural History of the Pacific Northwest |
| 3 to 2 credits |
| Ten-day natural history summer expedition. Includes camping and hiking trips to study the biotic and geologic processes in the landscape and the influence of humans on the land. Destinations change yearly and include the high deserts, the mountains and plateaus of central Oregon, coastal forests and shores, and the Cascades and Klamath Mountains. May be repeated for up to 6 credits. Prerequisite: Instructor consent |
| Intensive field course examining the ecology and management practices of the forest, water, fisheries, range, and other natural resources based on field trips and discussions with local experts. Explores current resource issues and provides information, ideas, and contacts for the development and implementation of an interpretive program. Summers only. |
| Bi 591 Interpretive Practices |
| 3 credits |
| Intensive field course offering an introduction to interpretive techniques. Includes interpretive talks, guided walks, self-guided nature trails, slide shows, interpretive signage, and living history demonstrations. Emphasizes visits to local interpretive sites and the development of activities. Summers only. |
| Bi 592 Environmental Education Internship |
| 1 to 2 credits |
| Involves a supervised work experience in a group such as the Environmental Education Center, where the work is relevant to environmental education. The student keeps records during the internship, then gives a written report and an oral presentation to students in the Environmental Education Program and other interested students and faculty. |
Biology
