2. What are the charcteristics of the Zygomycota? How much of the life cycle is in the haploid, diploid, or dikaryon phase?
3. What are the characteristics of the Ascomycota? How much of the life cycle is in the haploid, diploid, or dikaryon phase?
4. What are the characteristics of the Basiodiomycota? How much of the life cycle is in the haploid, diploid, or dikaryon phase?
5. Define, describe or identify the following:
hyphae
dikaryon
coenocytic
mycelium
plasmogamy dikaryotic
triploblastic radial symmetry
complete digestive tract
diploblastic bilateral symmetry
incomplete digestive tract
deuterostome true tissues
medusa
protostome cephalization
polyp
2. Know the names and characteristics of the animal phyla covered in
lecture (chart info). Also know example of each phylum.
2. Give two examples of chordates other than vertebrates.
3. Describe the tunicate (sea squirt, Urochordate) and explain why vertebrates are hypotheszied to have evolved from a Urochordate-like ancestor that underwent paedogenesis.
4. What are the defining characteristics of vertebrates?
5. Name the seven classes of vertebrates and describe them in terms of jaws, appendages, skeletal material, vertebral column, gill slits, lungs, skin, eggs, and endothermy. Give examples of each class.
6. Describe the evolutionary trends in vertebrates concerning gill arches and jaw bones; notochord and vertebrae; appendages; lungs.
7. What is the importane of the lobe-finned fishes in vertebrate evolution? Explain.
8. Explain the problem concerning the classification of birds as a separate
class from reptiles.
2. Describe the experiments, and the results, of the Miller-Urey experiments and the similar experiments that followed.
3. Explain the evidence that clay sediments and hot rocks can act as templates for building proteins abiotically. What evidence is there that heat alone is sufficient for building proteins abiotically.
4. Describe the structure and properties of protein microspheres. In what ways are they like cells?
5. Describe the structure and properties of lipid microspheres. In what ways are they like cells?
6. What is a protocell (protobiont)?
7. What properties are necessary for natural selection to operate on protocells? How would NS work? Why would it accelerate the evolution of more complex protocells?
8. Why is RNA the likely candidate for the first genetic material?
9. What is the most likely mechanism for proteins to be made from an
RNA polymer? On what is this based?
2. What is the estimated background rate of extinction? What is the estimated current extinction rate?
3. List and explain the 4 main reasons for the high extinction rate. Which is the most important?
4. List and explain, giving example where appropriate, the 5 reasons
discussed in class for maintaining habitat, and thereby biodiversity.
5. Distinguish between the following approaches to land managament:
preservationism, resource conservation, ecosystem management.
6. What is a biodiversity hotspot? Why are they so important for conservation?
7. What is an endemic species? Where are most of them found? Why are they so sensitive to habitat loss?
8. Why is the preservation of genetic diversity so important to conservation?
9. What is habitat fragmentation? Explain two negative consequences of fragmentation.
10. What are corridors, and what is their significance?
11. What is one of the major biological problems facing habitat restoration in area that have changes drastically?